Colitis associated cancer (CAC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world, with morbidity and mortality second to gastric and liver cancer^[1], Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) can increase one’s likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. The combination of AOM and DSS has gained popularity due to its reproducibility, potency, low cost, and ease of use. This article highlights a protocol for DSS-AOM model creation to study the oncogenesis of CACs.

Figure 1. Mice

 

1. Model building

2. Results of a successful CAC model

3. Links to this resource

4. Successful case for modeling with Yeasen DSS

5. Product order

6. Published articles with our reagents

7. Regard Reading

 

1. Model building

1.1 Animal Model

BALB/c mice (7 weeks old, male)

1.2 Material

DSS(Yeasen#60316ES,MW36000-50000)、AOM（sigma#A5486）

1.3 Solution Preparation

DSS-supplemented drinking water: Use sterile water to prepare 1-3% DSS solution.Store at 4 °C until use.
AOM Solution: Dissolve AOM in WFI to obtain a 10 mg/mL stock solution. Aliquot and freeze at -20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. On the day of use, thaw the aliquot and dilute 1/10 with sterile saline.

1.4 Protocol

On day 1, weigh and mark mice. Inject mice intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg AOM solution.
Fill the drinking supply of the mouse cages with water. Calculate 7-10 mL water per mouse per day. Feeding for one week.
Replace drinking water with 2.5% DSS for one week;
Feed with regular drinking water for two weeks;
Repeat steps 3-4 for 3 times.

Figure 2. AOM/DSS colorectal cancer modeling protocol

 

2. Results of a successful CAC model

2.1 Weight loss with DSS treatment

Figure 3. The change in body weight of mice

2.2 Diarrhea score and Bleeding score

Figure 4. Diarrhea score and Bleeding score

2.3 Tumor formation in mouse colons

Figure 5. The representative whole colons and number of colon cancer

Figure 6. The protein expressions of COX-2, IL-6,β-catenin, and snail in acute colitis and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colorectal cancer mouse models (A) Colon sections were stained with H&E and the indicated antibodies (B) The protein expression was examined by Western blot with the indicated antibodies after lysing colon tissues from two mice of each group, and β-tubulin was used as a loading control^[2].

 

3. Links to this resource

[1]Qun Wang, et al.Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology.2021.761641
[2]Jia-Rong Huang, et al.Piperlongumine Alleviates Mouse Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology.2020.586885

 

4. Successful case for modeling with Yeasen DSS

Yeasen provides high-quality DSS (Cat#60316ES): purity (98%), sulfur content 17-19%, free sulfur <0.2%, supported by a large number of literature data.

Table 1. Construction of different types of enteritis models with DSS

Model	Modeling samples	Modeling plan	Modeling results	Use evaluation
acute colitis	BALB/c mice, female, 6-8 weeks, 25 g	3%-5% DSS drink freely for 7 consecutive days	Day 5 appeared, the length of the colon was shortened, HE staining, and the inflammation was obvious	molding speed is fast and the time is short. Consistent with the characteristics of acute colitis model
	C57BL/6 mice, male, 8 weeks, 20 g	3%-5% DSS by gavage, continuous administration	Day 5 occurs, colon shortening, weight loss, blood in the stool, diarrhea	High mold rate, and short duration. Consistent with the characteristics of acute colitis model
chronic colitis	C57BL/6 mouse, male, 8 weeks, 22 g	1-2% DSS by gavage, continuous administration	Day40 appears, colon shortening, weight loss, blood in the stool, diarrhea	High molding rate . Consistent with the characteristics of the chronic colitis model
colon cancer	C57BL/6 mouse, male, 8 weeks, 21 g	1%-2% DSS ad libitum for 5 days for 3 weeks	14 weeks with shortened colon length, weight loss, HE staining, and obvious inflammation	High molding rate . Consistent with colon cancer model characteristics

 

5. Product order

Hot-selling product only needs 1/3 of the price of M* with the same efficiency, and we keep a large stock.

Table 2. Product Order

Product Name	Article Number	Specification
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000	60316ES25	25g
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000	60316ES60	100 g
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000	60316ES76	500 g
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000	60316ES80	1 kg

 

6. Published articles with our reagents

[1]Li Zhao, Fei Wang, Zhengwei Cai, et al.Improving drug utilization platform with injectable mucoadhesive hydrogel for treating ulcerative colitis[J]. chemical engineering journal.424(2021)130464.IF=16.744
[2]Lingjun Tong, Haining Hao, Zhe Zhang, et al.Milk-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut immunity and reshaping the gut microbiota[J].Theranostics.2021; 11(17): 8570-8586 IF=11.556
[3]Li, Y., Dong, J., Xiao, H., Zhang, S., Wang, B., Cui, M., & Fan, S. Gut commensal derived-valeric acid protects against radiation injuries. Gut Microbes,.2020 .1–18.IF=10.245
[4]Jingjing Gan, Yuxiao Liu, Lingyu Sun, et al.Orally administrated nucleotide-delivery particles from microfluidics for inflammatory bowel disease treatment[J]. Applied Materials Today.2021 Dec;25:101231 IF=10.041
[5]Mengmeng Xu, Ying Kong, Nannan Chen,et al.Identification of Immune-Related Gene Signature and Prediction of CeRNA Network in Active Ulcerative Colitis[J].Frontiers in Immunology.2022; 13: 855645. IF=7.561
[6]JialiDong, YuanLi,HuiwenXiao, et al.Oral microbiota affects the efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy for colorectal cancer in mouse models[J].Cell reports.2021, 109886.IF=9.423
[7]Hao H,  Zhang X,  Tong L,  Liu Q, et al.Lactobacillus plantarumEffect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From  Q7 on Gut Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis in Mice[J].Frontiers in Immunology.2021.777147 .IF=7.561
[8]Yaohua Fan, Yanqun Fan, Kunfeng Liu, et al.Edible Bird’s Nest Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice by Restoring the Th17/Treg Cell Balance[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology.2021.632602.IF=7.561
[9]Jia-Rong Huang, Sheng-Te Wang, Meng-Ning Wei, et al.Piperlongumine Alleviates Mouse Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology.2020.586885. IF=7.561
[10]Gao X, Fan W, Tan L, et al. Soy isoflavones ameliorate experimental colitis by targeting ERα/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways[J]. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2020, 83.IF=6.048
[11]Lujuan Xing, Lijuan Fu, Songmin Cao,et al.The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Bovine Bone-Gelatin-Derived Peptides in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages Cells and Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced C57BL/6 Mice[J]. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1479. IF=5.717
[12] Wang S,  Huang J,  Tan KS, et al.Isosteviol Sodium Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis through the Regulation of Metabolic Profiling, Macrophage Polarization, and NF-B Pathway[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2022,4636618. IF=5.076

 

7. Regard Reading

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